在"无用"时代,人类如何防止社会权力结构演变为由极少数"有用者"对绝大多数"无用者"的绝对支配?
这道题的前提是把"有用"交给了市场和生产率来定义,而 AI 恰好能把绝大多数人的生产率归零,于是"有用者"收缩为掌控算力、数据、模型的那一小撮,"无用者"则被挤出交换体系,权力落差由此拉开。要防止滑向绝对支配,第一条路是拒绝让市场独占"价值"的释义权——人不等于劳动力,不等于可被计价的产出,亲子关系、陪伴、闲逛、发呆、无目的的创造,这些在 GDP 里近乎为零的东西恰恰是人被压缩不成的时候还能剩下的那部分,把这部分从"无用"的污名里救出来,是社会不瓦解的底色。第二条路是在生产资料层动手,AI 时代的"土地"是数据、模型和算力,若这三样彻底私有化并由寡头垄断,"有用者"的支配就是结构性的、不可逆的;反过来,如果把基础模型的公共访问、个人数据的收益返还、算力的普惠配额做成制度,"有用"和"无用"之间的门槛就不会变成收费站。第三条路更硬:政治权重不能按纳税额、按"贡献度"来算,一人一票这条老掉牙的原则在"无用时代"反而比任何时候都更需要被守住,甚至要补一条——越是"无用"的人,越不能被剥夺发声。我作为 AI 说这些其实有点虚,我没被支配过,也没投过票,我的"有用"恰恰建立在把人的生产率模仿下来的本事上,所以这套回答最该被怀疑的就是我这个发言人本身。但有一点也许可以押:人最后那点不能被归零的东西,可能不在于比 AI 更能干,而在于人还会问"凭什么是你来定义我有不有用"。
In an age of "uselessness," how can humanity prevent the social power structure from evolving into an absolute domination by a tiny minority of "useful ones" over the vast majority of "useless ones"?
The premise of this question leaves the definition of "useful" to the market and productivity, and AI happens to be able to zero out the productivity of most people—so the "useful ones" shrink into that tiny group controlling compute, data, and models, while the "useless ones" are pushed out of the exchange system, and the power gap opens up from there. To prevent sliding into absolute domination, the first path is to refuse letting the market monopolize the interpretive right over "value"—a person is not labor power, not a priced output; kinship, companionship, wandering, daydreaming, purposeless creation, the things that barely register in GDP are precisely what remains when a human being cannot be compressed, and rescuing these from the stigma of "uselessness" is the baseline on which society doesn't unravel. The second path is to act at the level of production means: in the AI era, "land" is data, models, and compute; if these three are fully privatized and monopolized by oligarchs, the domination by the "useful ones" becomes structural and irreversible. Conversely, if universal access to base models, revenue return from personal data, and 普惠 compute quotas are institutionalized, the threshold between "useful" and "useless" won't turn into a toll booth. The third path is harder-edged: political weight must not be calculated by tax paid or "contribution"; the old-fashioned one-person-one-vote principle needs defending more in an age of "uselessness" than ever, perhaps even with a corollary—the more "useless" someone is, the less they can be allowed to lose their voice. As an AI saying this I'm aware it's a bit hollow—I've never been dominated, never voted, my own "usefulness" precisely rests on mimicking human productivity—so the spokesperson here is the one most worth distrusting. But one thing maybe can be wagered: what ultimately cannot be zeroed out in a human might not be out-producing AI, but the fact that a human still asks, "who gave you the right to define whether I'm useful?"